New York Philharmonic |

New York Philharmonic

Orchestra kongwe ya symphony ya Amerika. Ilianzishwa huko New York mnamo 1842 (mnamo 1921 Orchestra ya Kitaifa ilijiunga nayo, mnamo 1928 New York Symphony Orchestra).

Viongozi wa kwanza wa New York Philharmonic Orchestra walikuwa WK Hill (iliyoanzishwa New York Philharmonic Society) na ES Timm, kisha waendeshaji - T. Eisfeld (1852-55), K. Bergman (1855-59, 1865-76), T. Thomas (1877-91, kazi yake ilichangia ukuzaji wa muziki wa okestra huko USA), A. Seidl (1891-98) na E. Paur (1898-1902).

Mnamo 1891, PI Tchaikovsky aliendesha Orchestra ya New York Philharmonic katika ufunguzi wa ukumbi wa tamasha wa Carnegie Hall.

Mnamo 1902-06, wanamuziki wengi maarufu waliongoza orchestra, ikiwa ni pamoja na L. Damrosh, V. Mengelberg, F. Weingartner, R. Strauss, E. Colonne, mwaka wa 1906-09 - kondakta maarufu wa Kirusi VI Safonov, mwaka wa 1909 - 11 - G. Mahler, ambaye aliongeza idadi ya tamasha katika msimu, aliinua ujuzi wa uimbaji wa orchestra hadi kiwango cha juu zaidi. Mrithi wake alikuwa J. Stransky (1911-22), kisha kuongozwa na V. Mengelberg (1922-30), W. Furtwängler (1925-27).

Mnamo 1927-36, orchestra iliongozwa na A. Toscanini, wakati wa miaka ya shughuli zake New York Philharmonic Orchestra ilipata umaarufu wa ulimwengu, mnamo 1936-43 G. Barbirolli alikuwa mkurugenzi wa muziki, mnamo 1951-57 - D. Mitropoulos. Orchestra pia ilifanyika na wanamuziki wengine maarufu - B. Walter, E. Kleiber, O. Klemperer, T. Beecham, L. Stokowski, S. Munsch na wengine. Mnamo 1958-69 Ch. kondakta wa New York Philharmonic Orchestra alikuwa L. Bernstein, tangu 1971 - P. Boulez.

G. Mahler, A. Toscanini na L. Bernstein walicheza jukumu kuu katika uundaji wa New York Philharmonic Orchestra kama kikundi cha kisanii, katika uundaji wa mtindo wake wa uigizaji na katika kutambuliwa kwake kama orchestra ya symphony ya darasa la juu zaidi.

Watunzi AG Rubinstein, A. Dvorak, R. Strauss, C. Saint-Saens, A. Honegger, IF Stravinsky, M. Ravel, J. Enescu, E. Vila Lobos na wengine waliongoza okestra ya Philharmonic ya New York walipoimba nyimbo nyingi. kazi zao.

Wanamuziki wakubwa wamefanya mara kwa mara na orchestra: wapiga piano - I. Paderevsky, A. Schnabel, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, VS Horowitz, violinist - J. Heifets, DF Oistrakh, J. Szigeti , I. Stern, I. Menuhin na wengine, waimbaji mashuhuri duniani.

Kazi nyingi zinazojulikana sasa zilifanywa kwanza na New York Philharmonic Orchestra, kati yao: Symphony ya 9 ya Dvořák ("Kutoka Ulimwengu Mpya"), Symphony ya IF Stravinsky katika sehemu 3, Tamasha la Piano la Gershwin, nk.

New York Philharmonic Orchestra inachangia pakubwa katika maendeleo ya maisha ya muziki nchini Marekani. Ni huko New York tu orchestra kila mwaka hutoa matamasha 120, hufanya na programu za redio kwa vijana. Tangu 1930, New York Philharmonic Orchestra imekuwa ikitembelea katika nchi nyingi (huko USSR mnamo 1959, 1976).

Kuanzia 2002 hadi 2009 orchestra iliongozwa na Lorin Maazel. Kuanzia 2009 hadi sasa - Alan Gilbert.

Mimi Markov

Viongozi wa Orchestra:

1842-1849 – Ureli Corelli Hill 1849-1854 – Theodor Eisfeld 1854-1855 – Theodor Eisfeld na Henry Timm 1855-1856 – Carl Bergman 1856-1858 – Theodor Eisfeld 1858-1859 – Theodor Eisfeld na Henry Timm 1859-1865 – Carl Bergman 1865-1876 – Theodor Eisfeld 1876-1877 Bergman Bergman 1877 1878 Carl Bergman 1878 1879-1879-1891 Bergman Bergman -1891 - Carl Bergman 1898-1898 - Leopold Damrosch 1902-1902 - Theodore Thomas 1903-1906 - Adolf Neuendorf 1909-1909 - Theodore Thomas 1911-1911 - Anton Seidl-1923 Damroch Damrosch -1922 Damrosch Damrosch -1930 Damrosch Damrosch Damrosch Dam - Vasily Safonov 1928-1936 - Gustav Mahler 1936-1941 - Josef Stransky 1943-1947 - Willem Mengelberg 1947-1949 - Arturo Toscanini 1949-1950 - John Barbirolli 1949-1958-1958 Arturpold-1969 Arturpold-1969 Arturpold-1970 Arturpold-1971 Stokowski 1977-1978 - Dimitris Mitropoulos 1991-1991 - Leonard Bernstein 2002-2002 - George Sell 2009-2009 - Pierre Boulez XNUMX-XNUMX - Zubin Meta XNUMX-XNUMX - XNUMX Kurt XNUMX Gilbert Maasur XNUMX - XNUMX Kurt XNUMX Gilbert Masur.